Why VoIP 9-1-1 Is Different
VoIP 9-1-1 is regulated by the CRTC under a distinct framework from traditional wireline and wireless 9-1-1. Because a VoIP phone can physically move to any address, on any internet connection, the CRTC requires providers and their customers to jointly maintain location accuracy — and to acknowledge the service's limitations in writing. Most Ontario businesses using VoIP today are out of compliance with at least one of these obligations without knowing it.
This checklist walks through the four things every VoIP-using business must do, the CRTC rules that require them, and the employee-notice template you need to have on file.
The Four Major VoIP 9-1-1 Limitations
| Limitation | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Power outage | VoIP phones run over internet-connected hardware (IP phones, softphones, routers). When power fails, phones fail. Traditional copper wireline phones often stayed up during outages because they drew power from the telco's central office. VoIP does not. |
| Internet outage | No internet, no VoIP. If your connection is down, 9-1-1 calls won't complete over VoIP. Mobile cellular service is the realistic backup for emergencies during outages. |
| Address registration | VoIP providers rely on a customer-registered address to route 9-1-1 calls to the correct Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). If the address is outdated or wrong, emergency responders may be dispatched to the wrong location. |
| Nomadic use | A VoIP phone or softphone used away from its registered location (home office, hotel, coffee shop) still reports the registered address to 9-1-1 — not the caller's actual location. The caller must verbally confirm the actual address during any 9-1-1 call placed from outside the registered site. |
What the CRTC Actually Requires
Under Telecom Regulatory Policy CRTC 2009-40 and Telecom Decision CRTC 2010-387, all Canadian VoIP service providers and their business customers must satisfy the following:
1. Written notice of limitations
The VoIP provider must notify each customer — in writing, before service activation — of the specific 9-1-1 limitations that apply to the service being purchased. This notice must cover power/internet dependency, address registration, and nomadic use. The notice must appear in:
- Marketing materials (print, radio, television, online)
- Terms and conditions of service
- Customer service representative training (so they can explain it on request)
- Service contracts and starter kits
2. Signed customer acknowledgment
Before activation, the customer must sign (physical or electronic signature) confirming they have read and understood the limitations. For businesses, this acknowledgment should extend to all employees who will use the service — which is why a per-employee notice is good practice even when the master acknowledgment is signed by a single authorized signatory.
3. Address confirmation and update mechanism
Telecom Decision CRTC 2010-387 (June 2010) specifically requires providers of nomadic and fixed/non-native VoIP services to:
- Contact customers each time the billing address changes to confirm the most likely physical address for emergency purposes
- Provide an online mechanism for customers to update their most likely physical address at any time
For a business running a hosted PBX across multiple sites, this means each DID (direct inward dial) or extension associated with a physical location must have that location registered and kept current.
4. Phone-side warning (sticker or printed notice)
Most providers include a VoIP 9-1-1 warning sticker designed to be placed on or near every VoIP phone. The CRTC does not mandate a specific sticker format, but the notification obligation is ongoing — so a visible reminder near the handset is how most Canadian VoIP providers satisfy it for the day-to-day user.
The Compliance Checklist
Go through each line. Any "no" is an open compliance item.
- Our VoIP provider has given us written notice of 9-1-1 limitations YESNO
- An authorized person at our business has signed the acknowledgment and we have a copy on file YESNO
- Every employee who uses the phone system has received a written copy of the limitations notice (template below) YESNO
- We know the physical address registered against each DID and extension YESNO
- We have a documented process for updating addresses when staff move or new extensions are added YESNO
- Remote workers using the VoIP system from home have been instructed to verbally confirm their actual location on any 9-1-1 call YESNO
- A visible 9-1-1 limitation notice (sticker, printed card) is present at every VoIP phone or reception area YESNO
- We know which of our staff use mobile softphones outside the registered location YESNO
- We have documented our backup plan for when internet or power is down and 9-1-1 can't be placed over VoIP (typically: use a cell phone) YESNO
- Our business continuity plan references the VoIP 9-1-1 limitations and backup plan YESNO
- We review this checklist annually or whenever we change providers, locations or staff YESNO
Employee Notice Template
Print one copy per employee. Have each employee sign and date. Keep the signed copies on file with HR or whoever maintains your compliance records. This satisfies the spirit of the CRTC's ongoing notice obligation at the staff level.
Multi-Site and Remote Worker Considerations
- Multi-site businesses — Register each site as a separate location with your provider. When a staff member transfers between sites, update the extension's registered address the same day.
- Mobile softphone users — The employee notice above is especially important. A staff member placing 9-1-1 from their mobile phone's 3CX app at the airport will appear to be calling from the Thunder Bay office.
- Permanent remote workers — Register their home address as the 9-1-1 location for their extension. Update immediately when they move.
- Seasonal or shared desks — Pick the location most likely to be used and make sure staff know to verbally confirm on any call made from elsewhere.
Annual Review
Sources
- Telecom Regulatory Policy CRTC 2009-40 — Obligations of local voice service providers with respect to 9-1-1 service.
- Telecom Decision CRTC 2010-387 — Customer-address confirmation and online update obligation for nomadic and fixed/non-native VoIP providers (June 17, 2010).
- Telecom Decision CRTC 2005-21 — Regulatory framework for VoIP services in Canada.
- CRTC — 9-1-1 Services for Traditional Wireline, VoIP and Wireless Phone Services — consumer reference page, crtc.gc.ca/eng/phone/911/can.htm.
- CRTC — Policies, decisions and orders for 9-1-1 services — crtc.gc.ca/eng/phone/911/pol.htm.